How to Get Into Medical School (The Ultimate 2025 Guide)
- Nate Swanson
- May 10
- 28 min read
Updated: May 19
Entering medical school is a multi-year journey that begins well before the application cycle. Many students start as freshmen or sophomores by meeting with pre-health advisors, planning coursework, and gaining relevant experience. For example, the AAMC timeline recommends that undergraduates identify medically related activities (shadowing, volunteering, research) and keep a journal of those experiences. A strong pre-health advisor can help you “ask the right questions” and “work together to develop a plan to get you where you want to go.” By sophomore year you should map out your plan: confirm required prerequisites (biology, chemistry, physics, organic chemistry, etc.), pursue early clinical exposure, and consider which schools and programs might fit your goals. This guide covers 19 key sections (from pre-med basics to FAQs) with step-by-step actions, examples, and expert citations to help you optimize every part of your application for MD or DO programs in the U.S.
Table of Contents
Starting early is key. Many successful med school applicants begin in college by planning their coursework, meeting with advisors, and exploring the field. According to the AAMC, you should “search for medically related work or volunteer experiences… identify potential research opportunities… [and] keep a journal about your experiences” throughout undergrad. A pre-health advisor can help guide your path: one admissions officer notes that advisors help you “learn about the medical profession… explore and self-reflect… [and] develop a plan” for your journey. Taking these proactive steps early lays the foundation for a competitive application.
1. Premed Basics: Your Journey Begins
If you’re wondering how to get into med school, it all begins long before you fill out an application or take the MCAT. It starts with a simple—but significant—commitment: deciding to pursue the premed track.
Despite what many believe, being “premed” isn’t a major—it’s a strategic path designed to meet the academic and experiential expectations for how to get into med school. From your first semester of college, every decision you make—from course selection to extracurriculars—builds the foundation of your future medical school application.
What Does "Premed" Actually Mean?
Understanding how to get into med school requires more than just earning good grades. Being a premed student means fulfilling a set of science-heavy prerequisite courses and building a competitive extracurricular portfolio. While each med school sets its own requirements, the most commonly expected courses include:
1 year of General Biology with lab
1 year of General Chemistry with lab
1 year of Organic Chemistry with lab
1 year of Physics with lab
At least 1 semester of Biochemistry
Calculus and/or Statistics
English or writing-intensive coursework
Psychology and Sociology (for MCAT relevance)
Because requirements vary, always double-check the MSAR database or individual school websites while researching how to get into med school. Some top programs like Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine don’t mandate specific classes, but still expect strong life sciences performance as reflected in your MCAT score.
Can I Major in Anything and Still Get Into Med School?
Yes—and you should. One of the biggest myths about how to get into med school is that you must major in biology or chemistry. In reality, medical schools value intellectual diversity. Successful applicants come from backgrounds in engineering, psychology, philosophy, public health, and even the arts.
However, regardless of your major, you must complete the core science prerequisites. Your science GPA (also called BCPM: Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Math) will be evaluated separately from your cumulative GPA when schools assess your readiness. If you're aiming for med school, excelling in those science courses is essential—no matter your major.
The Real Role of a Pre-Health Advisor: Helpful or Overhyped?
If you’re researching how to get into med school, you’ve probably heard that a pre-health advisor is a critical resource. But many students quickly learn that this support can be hit or miss.
At large universities, advisors are often overbooked, generic in their guidance, or out of touch with current admissions trends—especially for DO schools. The most practical role of a pre-health advisor is often coordinating the committee letter, which only matters if your school provides one and if the medical schools you're applying to require it.
Here’s the truth:
Not always necessary: You can absolutely figure out how to get into med school without an advisor. Resources like the MSAR, AMCAS, and AACOMAS offer everything you need to plan your courses and application timeline.
Limited personalization: Advising can be “one size fits all,” lacking nuance for non-traditional applicants, career changers, or those pursuing DO or dual-degree programs.
Better mentors exist: Building relationships with professors, research mentors, or clinicians often results in better recommendations and more meaningful support.
Committee letters matter—but only if required: If your school has a committee letter system, follow their process. If not, you’re free to select individual recommenders who know you well.
Bottom line: You don’t need an advisor to figure out how to get into med school—but if one is available and helpful, use them strategically.
Planning Your Coursework Timeline
A big part of understanding how to get into med school is planning your coursework early and intentionally. Here’s a typical timeline:
Freshman Year: General Biology I & II with lab, General Chemistry I & II with lab
Sophomore Year: Organic Chemistry I & II with lab, Physics I & II with lab, possibly Biochemistry
Junior Year: Finish Biochemistry, Psychology, and Sociology; begin MCAT prep in spring
Senior Year (or Gap Year): Complete advanced electives, finalize applications
Avoid overloading with multiple challenging science courses in one semester unless you’re confident in your study habits and bandwidth. Spreading out lab-intensive classes makes your journey into med school smoother and more successful.
Focus on Competencies, Not Just Checkboxes
Medical schools no longer look only at GPAs and test scores—they also evaluate who you are. If you want to understand how to get into med school today, you need to show strength in the AAMC’s core competencies, which include:
Interpersonal: Service orientation, cultural competence, communication
Intrapersonal: Resilience, ethical responsibility, self-improvement
Thinking & Reasoning: Quantitative reasoning, problem-solving, written communication
Science: Deep understanding of biology, chemistry, physics, and biochemistry
Think of every class, shadowing experience, or volunteer shift as a building block in demonstrating these competencies. When you align your academic and extracurricular choices with these areas, your entire application becomes more compelling and coherent.
2. Choose Your Major and Courses Strategically
Your undergraduate major can be anything that interests you — there is no preferred major for medical school. Schools value diverse backgrounds: you’ll join classmates who are humanities majors, engineers, economics students, and more. Choose a major that keeps you engaged and where you can excel academically. However, coursework planning is critical:
Science/math GPA matters: In admissions, schools look at both overall GPA and science/math GPA (science classes + math/stats). Temple University premed advising notes that a 3.5+ overall GPA is preferred, and an overall or science GPA below 3.0 may require post-bacc coursework before applying.
Core prerequisites: Most applicants take Biology I & II (with labs), General Chemistry I & II, Organic Chemistry I & II, Physics I & II, and Biochemistry. Psychology and sociology are also tested on the MCAT, so many students take Intro Psych and Sociology.
Advanced coursework: If possible, take upper-level courses like genetics, physiology, cell biology, and analytical psychology. These strengthen your transcript and prepare you for the MCAT content.
Grade trends: If your freshman year grades were low, focus on strong upper class grades. Schools notice upward grade trends.
AP/CLEP credits: Some schools accept AP/CLEP for certain science courses if documented, but most admissions committees will want to see college-level transcripts for prerequisites.
GPA Strategy: Aim to maintain a high GPA throughout. Even though averages vary by school, note that the average GPA for students entering U.S. med schools was about 3.62 in 2022–2023. That means exceeding 3.7-3.8 in science courses can make you a competitive applicant. For example, the University of Wisconsin requires at least a 3.0 overall GPA and MCAT ≥ 500 just to be considered for secondary application. Plan your semester loads so you can earn solid grades, especially in the challenging science classes. If you earn a poor grade in a prerequisite, consider retaking it to boost your GPA and confidence.
Step-by-Step:
Select a major you enjoy (no “premed major” requirement) but commit to required science coursework.
Map out your courses by year with your advisor to ensure all premed requirements are covered.
Monitor GPA closely: Work with tutors or study groups in tough courses; consider summer courses if you fall behind prerequisites.
Optional minors: A minor in humanities, statistics, or public health can diversify your coursework and show breadth.
By selecting a manageable major and excelling academically, you demonstrate both passion and proficiency — both critical for admissions committees.
3. Master Your GPA: Strategy and Recovery
Your GPA is a major filter for medical schools. Even if other parts of your application shine, a low GPA can severely limit opportunities. Here’s how to optimize (or recover) your GPA:
Know your numbers: Track both overall GPA and science (BCPM) GPA. Schools may cut applicants who fall below certain thresholds (often around 3.0).
Study plan: Create a weekly study schedule. For example, use mornings to review lecture notes, afternoons for lab preparation, and weekends for practice problems. Break large projects into small steps early.
Utilize resources: Seek help early. Use office hours, join or form study groups, and consider tutoring for difficult subjects.
Summer courses or repeats: If you get a sub-3.0 in a required course, retaking it over summer can raise your GPA and show improvement. Keep in mind these replacement policies vary by school, but an improved grade is often seen positively.
Balance course load: Don’t overload on advanced science all at once. Pair heavy science semesters with a lighter humanities or math course when possible.
It’s worth noting that high scores can offset a lower GPA to some degree. For instance, a stellar MCAT can bolster an application with a modest GPA. The AMA reports the average MCAT for matriculants was 511.9 in 2021–2022, and admits that students with average MCATs (510–513) advanced at high rates (98%) despite GPA differences. In contrast, GPA below 3.0 typically raises flags unless accompanied by a strong upward trend or additional academic work.
Example: If you scored a 2.9 in organic chemistry first semester, consider retaking it early second semester rather than delaying. Also, you might take an extra elective or lab in summer to improve your overall average. Showing consistent improvement can signal resilience to schools.
4. MCAT Success: Preparation and Timing
The MCAT (Medical College Admission Test) is a critical part of the application. It assesses knowledge in physical sciences, biological sciences, and verbal reasoning (including social/psychology). In fact, research shows the MCAT is slightly more predictive of early med school performance than GPA. Here’s how to tackle it:
Know the format and content: The MCAT covers Biology, Biochemistry, General & Organic Chemistry, Physics, Psychology, and Sociology. You will need thorough review in all areas plus practice reading complex passages.
Study schedule: Start early. Many students begin preparation 6–12 months before their target test date. Use high-quality prep materials (AAMC official guides, Kaplan, Princeton Review, Khan Academy, etc.). A sample plan:
Initial diagnostic: Take a full-length practice test to identify weak areas.
Content review: Spend 2–3 months systematically reviewing content, doing practice questions daily.
Practice exams: In the last 1–2 months, take full-length timed practice tests weekly or biweekly. Review every missed question thoroughly.
Finalize strategy: By test day, know your timing, guess strategy, and break times. Stay calm and rested.
When to take the MCAT: Plan to take the MCAT by early summer before application cycle. Temple advises taking it by early September of the year you apply (for a July AMCAS submission, aim for April/May test). Taking it late could delay your application or force a retake. Keep in mind that most students apply after junior year or after a gap year, so plan accordingly.
What score to aim for: The average matriculant score was around 511–512 in recent years. As a rule of thumb, scoring at or above the average (around 509–512) makes you competitive, but more selective schools may look for 515+. A higher MCAT can especially help if your GPA is lower (one blog advises a high MCAT can offset a low GPA).
Test prep resources: Besides commercial courses, use official AAMC tools (Section Bank, Qpacks, FL exams). Join study groups or find a tutor if needed. Many students schedule two months of daily study (e.g., 4–6 hours each weekend day plus 1–2 hours on weekdays).
Stay balanced: While intense study is needed, maintain well-being. Eat well, sleep, and take breaks. Burnout will hurt your performance.
Actionable Steps:
Register early (seats fill fast) and give yourself 3–6 months of study time.
Create a detailed weekly study calendar. Include content review and practice passages.
After each practice test, spend extra time on weak topics.
Remember that according to the AMA, achieving just an average MCAT (510–513) predicts a 98% chance of passing into year 2 of med school – but higher is better!
5. Building Your Resume: Extracurricular Activities
Medical schools seek well-rounded applicants who demonstrate passion, service, and professionalism beyond academics. Your extracurricular profile should include clinical exposure, research, volunteering, leadership, and other interests. As UW-Madison’s criteria note, experiences in research, clinical settings, community service, and leadership help show readiness for medicine. Temple’s advising further emphasizes that after verifying numbers, schools “assess your extracurricular and volunteer experiences. Exposure to Medicine, community service, and research… need to be a part of your profile.” In short, don’t wait until senior year—build these experiences throughout college.
5a. Clinical Experience: Shadowing and Volunteering
Physician shadowing: Aim for 40–100 hours shadowing doctors in different specialties. This lets you see daily medical practice and improves your understanding of healthcare. Contact local hospitals or clinics to set up shadowing. Keep a log of dates and physician names (these can be mentioned in your application).
Volunteer in healthcare settings: Common examples include volunteering at a hospital ER desk, hospice care, free clinics, or as a certified nursing assistant (CNA). This provides patient-facing experience. Even roles like ER scribe or medical assistant count as clinical experience. AAMC data suggests at least ~100 hours is a typical baseline for applicants. The key is consistent, meaningful engagement (don’t just check a box).
Observation abroad (carefully): Short-term medical missions can show global interest, but U.S. schools prefer long-term commitments. If doing an international program, focus on service and cultural learning rather than acting beyond your training.
5b. Research Experience
Value of research: Participating in research (bench science or clinical) shows intellectual curiosity and persistence. This can be during academic years or summer.
How to get involved: Talk to science faculty about openings in their labs. Many universities have summer research programs (e.g. NIH-sponsored or REUs) or involve undergrads.
Aim for outcomes: Work toward a poster, publication, or conference presentation. Even if you don’t publish, being able to describe your project and what you learned is valuable.
Try different fields: If possible, try both wet-lab and social science/public health projects, depending on your interests. Some schools especially value clinical or community-based research.
5c. Community Service and Volunteering
Local community: Regular volunteering (e.g., soup kitchen, Habitat for Humanity, homeless outreach) demonstrates altruism and a commitment to service. Select causes you truly care about and stick with them to show sustained effort.
Global health or underserved: If interested, short-term medical mission trips or international public health projects can be enriching (and impressive on applications), but be sure they're ethical and supervised by professionals.
Diversity of service: A mix of health-related and other service activities is good. Volunteer roles at schools or community centers, sports coaching, or cultural organizations all count toward demonstrating social awareness and empathy.
5d. Leadership and Other Activities
Leadership positions: Being a leader (club president, team captain, residence advisor, etc.) demonstrates teamwork, communication, and responsibility. Medical schools note leadership as a competency.
Extracurricular depth: It’s better to have a few deep commitments than a long list of superficial ones. For each activity, aim for significant roles (e.g., organizing an event, heading a committee) rather than just membership.
Hobbies and talents: Activities like music, art, sports, or debate show balance and can be topics of personal interest essays.
Template Action Plan for Extracurriculars:
Freshman year: Join a health-related club (e.g. student premed association) or volunteering group. Start shadowing or a service volunteer role.
Sophomore year: Take on a leadership role in one club (e.g. chair, secretary). Seek a research assistant position over summer. Continue clinical volunteering weekly.
Junior year: Deepen one or two activities (e.g. project lead at clinic, poster presentation in research). By junior summer, you should have 150+ hours of clinical volunteering and 100+ hours of community service ideally.
Keep records: Maintain a spreadsheet of activities (dates, hours, responsibilities) to use for applications.
Remember: Quality over quantity. AAMC warns that schools want to see “meaningful” involvement. For instance, running a clinic medical-record drive is more valuable than attending ten “volunteer fair” events. Reflect on what you learned from each role, because these insights make your essays and interviews stand out.
6. Clinical Experience: Shadowing, Volunteering, and Patient Exposure
Clinical experiences are a subset of extracurriculars that specifically involve working in healthcare settings. Medical schools expect that you understand what patient care is like. This means shadowing physicians, volunteering with patients, or working in hospitals/clinics.
Physician Shadowing: Aim to shadow 2–3 different physicians, preferably in varied specialties (family medicine, surgery, pediatrics, etc.). Keep a log of hours. In your interviews/essays, be ready to discuss cases you saw or insights you gained (e.g., learning about bedside manner). Shadowing also helps you ask informed questions in interviews.
Hospital/Clinic Volunteering: Many applicants volunteer at hospitals (front desk, patient transport) or clinics (community health). Even a part-time paid position (like Certified Nursing Assistant, EMT, phlebotomist, medical scribe) counts as clinical experience. These roles show sustained patient interaction and can confirm your desire to work in medicine.
Clinical pipeline programs: If available, enroll in pre-med shadowing or pipeline programs (some universities host special programs for high school/college students in underserved clinics).
Learning from experience: Focus on empathy and teamwork when interacting with patients or healthcare staff. For example, note how doctors explain diagnoses to patients. Use these anecdotes in personal statements or interviews.
By the end of college, it’s typical (though not officially mandated) for matriculants to have on the order of 100–200+ hours of clinical experience between shadowing and volunteering. The key is demonstrating commitment (e.g., volunteering every weekend for a year rather than a few bursts).
7. Research and Scholarly Activity
Research experience—while not strictly required—is highly valued and can distinguish your application. It demonstrates critical thinking, curiosity, and perseverance.
Types of research: This can range from basic science labs to public health, social science, or clinical research. Both benchwork (like chemistry/biology lab) and clinical research (like projects in hospitals or epidemiology studies) are beneficial.
How to start: Reach out to professors in science or public health departments. Many have summer research assistant positions. Some schools have dedicated “honors programs” or summer fellowships (like NIH’s Postbac IRTA).
Commitment level: Aim for at least a year working on a project, ideally with tangible results (poster presentation, abstract, or publication). Even if you don’t publish, explaining your project in depth during an interview shows maturity.
Leadership in research: If possible, take on roles like training new students or leading a portion of a project. Such leadership can translate to experiences you can discuss in essays.
Balancing research with other activities: Treat research as a part-time job during the semester or full-time in summer. It’s one of your longer-term commitments.
Example: “Ankit joined a psychology professor’s lab and spent two years studying stress in caregivers. He presented findings at a conference and co-authored a journal abstract. In his application, he linked this to his interest in patient wellness and teamwork.”
8. Community Service and Global Health
Commitment to serving others outside of clinical settings is another hallmark of a competitive applicant. Volunteering for community organizations shows compassion and dedication.
Local volunteering: Engage with underserved or public health causes (food banks, homeless shelters, health education for schools, etc.). Consistency matters — weekly or monthly involvement over years is more impressive than a one-day event.
Cultural/community programs: Being involved in activities that support diversity (e.g., tutoring in low-income schools, mentoring minority youth) aligns with many schools’ missions of equity.
Global health experiences: If you have the opportunity (safely and ethically), participating in overseas medical service projects can be eye-opening. However, always prioritize local commitments; sometimes spending a summer in a local clinic has a greater impact than brief international trips.
Connecting service to medicine: When you do volunteer work, reflect on how it connects to healthcare. For example, a soup kitchen volunteer might share what they learned about social determinants of health. These connections make your service credible in your application.
9. Leadership and Other Non-Clinical Experiences
Medical schools value candidates who excel beyond science:
Leadership roles: Serve as an officer in a club, lead a community organization, or captain a sports team. These roles develop skills in communication, problem-solving, and teamwork.
Teaching and mentoring: Experience as a teaching assistant, tutor, or camp counselor is also valuable. It shows you can explain concepts clearly and take responsibility for others.
Work experience: Any job (retail, restaurant, internship) teaches professionalism and time management. For example, working in a customer service role can highlight your teamwork and communication skills in an interview.
Hobbies and unique talents: Maintaining interests (music, art, sports) shows balance. For instance, being a varsity athlete or concert pianist indicates commitment and discipline. Discuss briefly in your application to present a complete picture of yourself.
The point is to illustrate personal growth. On your application, use these experiences to show qualities like leadership, resilience, empathy, and creativity. Avoid just listing titles; instead, focus on what you learned and accomplished in each role.
10. Letters of Recommendation: Securing Strong LORs
Letters of recommendation (LORs) give admissions committees insight into your character and readiness. Plan well in advance:
Choose writers carefully: Good choices include science professors who know you well, research mentors, and physicians or healthcare professionals you’ve worked with. Temple University recommends at least 1 science faculty, 1 non-science faculty, and 1 health professional, plus possibly a committee letter.
Build relationships: Start early. If you aim to ask a professor senior year, meet them earlier (ask questions in class, visit office hours) so they’ll remember you.
Give sufficient time: Ask for letters at least 2–3 months before application submission. Provide your résumé/CV, transcript, and a brief summary of your interactions and goals.
Explain requirements: If your school offers a committee letter (a cover letter synthesizing multiple LORs), find out how to request it. Write a one-page letter of intent to accompany it (per AAMC guidelines).
Guidance: Some schools allow letters after primary submission or require them with secondaries. Check each school’s LOR policy in the Medical School Admission Requirements (MSAR) or AACOMAS.
After applications are submitted, it’s wise to send a polite thank-you email to each writer. This not only shows gratitude but also keeps them informed; some may send updates to schools if needed.
11. Personal Statement & Essays: Craft Your Narrative
Your personal statement (Primary) and secondary essays are your chance to tell your story in your own voice. These written components often make or break an application.
Personal Statement: This ~5,000-character essay (AMCAS length) should answer, essentially, “Why medicine? Why you?” Tell a personal story or reflect on experiences that led to your decision. Show rather than tell—if you say you value empathy, give an anecdote demonstrating it. Do not summarize your resume; instead, highlight a theme (e.g., overcoming a challenge, a mentor’s influence, a defining patient encounter).
Common topic: Many ask, “Why do you want to be a doctor?”. Use your personal statement to answer that through examples. For instance, describe a moment at a hospital or clinic that solidified your decision.
Revise extensively: Write multiple drafts, solicit feedback from advisors or peers, and edit carefully. Make every word count. Avoid clichés (like “I’ve always wanted to help people”). Show your maturity and sincerity.
Secondary Essays: After your primary, each school will send secondary applications—usually with essay prompts (often 250–500 words each). Topics may include diversity, adversity, leadership, or “Why our school?” Focus on tailoring answers:
Why this school: Mention specific programs or mission elements that align with your goals. Show you’ve researched them (not generic comments).
Experience essays: If asked “Describe a challenge you overcame,” structure it clearly (Situation, Task, Action, Result).
Diversity essay: Reflect on how your background or experiences contribute to diversity and perspective.
Prompt tips: Many essays ask about gaps or unique experiences. Answer honestly and highlight learning. For example, if an essay asks about a “weakness,” spin it into how you improved on that weakness.
Be timely: Complete secondaries within 2–3 weeks of receipt. Schools have deadlines for these too. An application arriving late usually means automatic rejection.
Bullet-point Tips:
Plan ahead: Save time by pre-writing answers to common questions (leadership, obstacle, meaningful experience). Then adapt these paragraphs to each prompt.
Proofread: Grammar and clarity count. Have someone review each essay.
Stay positive: Even when discussing struggles (e.g., low grades, personal issues), focus on resolution and growth.
12. Secondary Applications: Strategy and Tips
Once your primary is submitted, secondary applications arrive school-by-school. Treat each seriously:
Check requirements: Some schools send a secondary automatically; others first screen on GPA/MCAT. If you’re qualified, expect secondaries for most schools you applied to.
Manage the load: It’s common to receive dozens of secondaries within a short window. Use a spreadsheet to track due dates and prompts. Set a goal to submit each secondary within 1-2 weeks of receipt. Late secondaries are usually not accepted.
Answer effectively: As above, customize each essay to the school. For “Why this program?”, cite specifics (urban vs. rural focus, research institutes, curriculum style). If discussing experiences, link them to the school’s values.
Limit distractions: The volume can be overwhelming. Consider seeking help from pre-med advisors or mentors who may have examples. But make sure the final answers are your own voice.
Remember that by the time secondaries arrive, your numbers are already in play. Impress the committee with your thoughtfulness and fit for their program.
13. Submitting Your Primary Application (AMCAS/AACOMAS)
The primary application is done through centralized services:
AMCAS: Most MD programs (American Medical College Application Service).
AACOMAS: All DO programs (American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine Application Service).
TMDSAS: All Texas medical schools (MD and DO) use TMDSAS, a separate system (unique to Texas).
Your primary application will include:
Transcripts: All college-level transcripts (undergrad, and any grad or post-bacc work). Send them promptly to the service.
MCAT scores: List all your MCAT attempts.
Experiences and activities: Fill out your most meaningful experiences (up to 15 entries on AMCAS) in areas like clinical, research, volunteering, leadership, etc..
Personal statement: As discussed above.
Letters of recommendation: Some schools accept committee letter; others may want letters uploaded to services. Check each service’s guidelines.
Submit early: All sources agree that early submission is crucial. “Admissions experts recommend you submit your application as early as possible” because most med schools have rolling admissions. In practice, this means:
Submit your primary application on the first day AMCAS/AACOMAS opens (usually early June).
Have your transcripts and MCAT ready so the application can be verified quickly.
Once verified, schools can see and review it.
Early applicants get the first look at new spots. The Princeton Review warns that “applications submitted early in the cycle are reviewed first and therefore have a better chance of acceptance at almost all schools”. Conversely, applying late (after summer) can mean fewer seats left.
Application Fees: Be prepared: AMCAS charges ~$170 for the first school plus ~$43 per additional MD school, AACOMAS ~$195 + ~$57 additional DO school (see each service for current rates). Fee assistance programs exist if cost is an issue.
Verification: After submission, AMCAS takes several weeks to verify coursework. Use this time to work on secondaries or interviews.
Status: You can update AACOMAS to include any new grades before finalizing your rank list if you take a gap year, but AMCAS has deadlines for updates (usually July).
Example Schedule: If you plan to matriculate in Fall 2025, you would:
MCAT by May 2024,
Submit AMCAS by early June 2024,
Begin secondaries by July–August 2024,
Interview through fall 2024,
Receive acceptances by early 2025.
14. Interview Prep: Traditional, MMI, and Etiquette
Congratulations — you’ve received interview invitations! Now it’s time to impress. Interviews can be traditional (one-on-one or panel) or Multiple Mini Interviews (MMIs).
Formats: MMIs involve 6–10 short (5–10 min) stations with different scenarios (ethical dilemmas, teamwork tasks, or personal questions). Many schools use MMIs to assess communication and critical thinking in various contexts. Traditional interviews are longer and more conversational.
Research each school: Review each program’s mission, values, curriculum, and unique opportunities. Admissions officers often ask, “Why do you want to attend our school?”. Have specific reasons prepared (e.g., rural training focus, a particular research center, small class size).
Common questions: Practice answering questions like “Why medicine?” “Tell me about yourself,” and ethical questions (e.g., dealing with a difficult patient). One AAMC tip: be ready to explain motivations with personal stories.
Behavioral questions: Expect some behavioral questions (e.g. “Describe a time you led a team,” or “How do you handle stress?”). Use the STAR method (Situation, Task, Action, Result) to structure answers.
Professional attire: Dress in conservative business attire (suit or blazer) for in-person interviews. For virtual interviews, choose a plain background, good lighting, and wear a suit or solid-color professional outfit.
Practice: Arrange mock interviews with friends or career centers. Articulate your answers without sounding scripted. The AAMC advises practicing with a friend but avoid memorizing your answers so you stay genuine.
On interview day: Bring copies of your résumé and any paperwork the school requested. A small notebook is fine for jotting notes, but keep phone off. Be polite to everyone — staff interactions are often noted.
Questions to ask: Always prepare insightful questions to ask them (education resources, research opportunities, student culture). Example questions (from AAMC) include “What makes your medical school unique?” or “How do you support student wellness?”. Avoid asking anything easily found on the website.
After the interview: Send a brief thank-you email or handwritten note to your interviewers. Not only is it courteous, it helps you stand out in a positive way. (For instance, you might say, “Thank you for the opportunity to interview; I was impressed by X and remain very interested in attending.”)
Interviews are as much your chance to learn about the school as theirs to evaluate you. Approach them with confidence, preparation, and sincerity.
15. Financing Medical School: Cost, Debt, and Aid
Medical school is expensive, but don’t let that deter you — plan wisely and there are resources. Key financial facts from the AAMC:
Tuition and cost: The median 4-year cost of attendance (tuition + fees + living expenses) for the Class of 2025 is about $286,454 for a public MD school and $390,848 for a private MD school. (DO schools may be slightly less expensive, but still in this range.)
Student debt: The median debt for the Class of 2024 is roughly $205,000 (this includes loans taken during undergrad and med school). This may sound high, but physicians typically have high earning potential, and various repayment options exist.
Budgeting: Start saving and avoid undergraduate credit card debt where possible. The AAMC advises: “The less debt you bring to medical school, the less debt you'll have when you graduate”. Pay attention to undergrad loans too.
Scholarships and aid: Research each school’s scholarships (some have full-tuition grants for candidates committed to primary care or underserved areas). All medical students should fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) each year.
Loans and repayment: Federal loans (Stafford, Grad PLUS) are common. The AAMC recommends learning about income-driven repayment plans which cap your payment relative to income. Many recent changes (like potential Public Service Loan Forgiveness tweaks) make this complex, so stay informed.
Programs to reduce debt: Consider programs like the NHSC Scholarship or state programs if you commit to practicing in rural/underserved areas. Work-study or part-time tutoring jobs in med school can also offset some costs.
Importantly, talk to financial aid officers at schools and use AAMC’s FIRST Financial Aid Advising service (FIRST website). They can help you create a realistic budget and explore all options. Remember: high debt is common, but physicians’ salaries generally allow for manageable loan repayment.
16. Application Timeline: Year-by-Year Plan
Freshman Year:
Focus on academics; establish strong study habits.
Take introductory biology/chemistry if possible.
Join pre-med or science clubs, and begin exploring career possibilities.
Volunteer for at least one community or health-related activity.
Sophomore Year:
Complete remaining lower-level prerequisites (e.g. physics, organic chem).
Continue or expand clinical volunteering/shadowing. Begin shadowing doctors or volunteering in a clinic.
Seek research or other meaningful projects (maybe a summer lab program).
Start drafting your personal statement if you plan to apply after junior year (though finalize it later).
Meet regularly with your advisor to confirm you’re on track and discuss MCAT timing.
Junior Year:
Finish all prerequisites early (ideally by spring). If biochemistry or physics are left, do them early in the year.
MCAT: Many take the MCAT in the spring or summer after junior year. Aim to study in winter-spring and take the test by May/June. Temple recommends by September latest.
Extracurriculars: Ramp up leadership (organize a health fair, for example) and complete research projects (submit abstracts).
Applications: Prepare applications over the summer. Request LORs at least 3 months before submission. Complete primary application (AMCAS/AACOMAS) on the first day possible (usually early June).
Secondaries: As secondaries roll in (summer/fall), complete them promptly.
Senior Year:
Interviews: Typically held September through December. Attend interviews at schools you applied to; take care to remain polite and enthusiastic.
Finalize decisions: Accept an offer by national decision day (usually May 1). If you have multiple acceptances, choose the one that fits you best.
Complete degree: Finish any remaining coursework or degree requirements. Update any schools if something changes (e.g. failing a class, taking new classes).
Plan gap year (if needed): Some students take a gap year between college and med school. Use it for additional clinical work, research, or personal growth. If doing so, be sure you won’t run out of AMCAS updates; AAMC allows limited updates if done in the same cycle.
Gap Year (if applicable):
Work or research in medicine to strengthen your resume.
Retake MCAT in late spring or early summer if you want to improve.
Reapply in the following cycle if necessary (focus on improving weak areas).
AAMC’s official timeline infographic suggests starting as early as two years before matriculation with the planning described above. Create a calendar or chart to track applications deadlines (e.g. AMCAS usually mid-October, AACOMAS mid-July for receipt, TMDSAS mid-September). Keep copies of all applications and interview dates to stay organized.
17. MD vs. DO: Choosing Your Path
Allopathic (MD) and osteopathic (DO) medical schools train fully licensed physicians, but there are philosophical and curricular differences. Understanding these can help you decide where to apply:
Degree and Philosophy: MDs earn a Doctor of Medicine; DOs earn a Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine. DO schools emphasize a holistic, whole-person approach, including training in Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine (OMM) — hands-on techniques for the musculoskeletal system. DOs often talk about wellness and prevention, though all doctors value these.
Training and Licensure: Both MDs and DOs complete 4 years of medical school (though some DO programs are easier to enter) and then the same internships/residencies (MDs and DOs train side-by-side in residency). Both take licensing exams (USMLE for MD, COMLEX for DO, though DO students can take USMLE too). Both can prescribe medication and perform surgeries equally. Studies show comparable patient outcomes between DOs and MDs.
Admissions differences: Currently, there are far more MD schools than DO schools. MD programs tend to have slightly higher average admitted GPAs/MCATs; DO programs accept a significant portion of applicants with slightly lower stats. For example, studies note that DO matriculants’ average GPA/MCAT are lower than MD matriculants’ average, but this does not reflect on competence. In recent years, DO admissions has grown (osteopathic enrollment rose ~68% from 2011–2022).
Application Process: Apply to MD schools through AMCAS, to DO schools through AACOMAS. (Texas MD and DO schools use TMDSAS.) You can apply to both MD and DO if you wish to maximize chances. Be mindful of fees: AACOMAS currently charges ~$195 for first DO school and ~$57 for each additional(updates might vary).
Career and Match: Since 2020, MD and DO residencies use a unified match (NRMP), so DOs and MDs have equal footing in residency placement. DOs often have a reputation in primary care but actually enter all specialties. Choose DO if its holistic curriculum appeals to you; choose MD if you prefer traditional allopathic training. Many students apply to both and decide later where to go.
In summary, neither degree is “better”; both lead to the same career as a physician. Focus on fit: if you love the idea of OMM and holistic care, a DO program might suit you. Otherwise, MD programs are equally excellent. Either way, you’ll need the usual prerequisites and experiences. For example, regardless of MD vs DO, UW requires a 3.0 GPA and 500 MCAT minimum for DO in secondaries just as for MD.
18. Special Cases: Non-Traditional & Reapplicants
Non-Traditional Applicants: If you are older, have a prior career, or come from a non-science background, you can still succeed. Emphasize the unique strengths your background brings (maturity, work ethic, perspective). You may need to:
Take extra coursework: If it’s been years since undergrad, consider a formal post-baccalaureate program or finishing missing prerequisites to show you can still excel academically.
Leverage life experience: For example, someone who was an engineer can highlight problem-solving skills; a nurse can highlight patient care experience. Frame these in your essays.
Address gaps: If you’ve taken time off (e.g., military, family, another job), succinctly note it and highlight growth or relevant experiences during that time.
Reapplicants: If you apply and are not accepted, don’t despair. Many ultimately get in. Steps to take:
Seek feedback: If possible, ask for feedback from schools or advisors on weaknesses (often common issues are MCAT score, GPA, or weak extracurriculars).
Improve: Retake the MCAT if your score was low. Gain more clinical hours or research. Take additional upper-level science classes and earn high grades. Consider a master’s program or relevant coursework.
Reapply strategically: Reflect on your personal statement and application presentation. Maybe emphasize a new theme or edit out old weaknesses. Apply to a wider range of schools (adding DO if you hadn’t, or schools where stats are more in range).
Stay positive: Many successful physicians were not accepted on the first try. AAMC data show a significant number of second-time applicants matriculate.
Ultimately, thorough preparation and resilience are key. Even as a reapplicant, follow the same advice above: bolster your profile, apply early, and stay organized.
19. FAQs: Most Common Questions About How to Get Into Med School
If you’re researching how to get into med school, chances are you’ve asked at least a few of these questions. Here are 25 of the most commonly searched, evidence-based answers every premed should know—updated for the 2025 admissions cycle.
1. What GPA do I need to get into med school?
For MD programs, the average GPA for accepted students is 3.75 (2023 AAMC data). For DO programs, the average GPA is around 3.56 (AACOMAS data). A GPA of 3.5 or higher is considered competitive, but upward trends and course rigor also matter.
2. What MCAT score do I need to get into med school?
For MD applicants, the average MCAT is 511.7. For DO applicants, it’s approximately 504.8. A score of 510+ is competitive for most MD programs; 505+ is solid for DO programs.
3. When should I take the MCAT?
The best time to take the MCAT is March–May of the year you apply, so scores are ready for early submission. The latest recommended test date is early July, with September being a last resort.
4. How many shadowing hours do I need for med school?
Aim for 50–100 hours of physician shadowing in at least 2–3 specialties. More important than the number is the depthand reflection you bring to your experience.
5. How many clinical volunteering hours do I need?
Most successful applicants have 100–250+ hours of hands-on clinical experience—working directly with patients in hospitals, clinics, or hospice settings.
6. Do I need research experience to get into med school?
Research is highly recommended for MD programs and optional for DO programs. Aim for at least 1 year of research with tangible outcomes like a poster, abstract, or publication.
7. Can I get into med school without a science major?
Yes. You can major in anything—English, business, philosophy—as long as you complete the required science prerequisites and perform well academically.
8. How many extracurricular hours do I need for med school?
There’s no set number, but most applicants have 100–500+ hours across a variety of activities (clinical, service, research, leadership, etc.). Focus on consistency and meaningful involvement.
9. How many schools should I apply to?
The average applicant applies to 16–20 medical schools. Apply broadly: include a mix of reach, target, and safety programs based on your stats.
10. What are the easiest med schools to get into?
No med school is truly “easy,” but some DO schools and newer MD programs have lower average GPA/MCAT thresholds. Focus on schools that match your profile via the MSAR or Choose DO Explorer.
11. What should I do if my GPA is low?
Show an upward trend, retake prerequisites, or complete a post-bacc or SMP (Special Master’s Program). A high MCAT score (515+) can also offset a lower GPA.
12. Is it easier to get into DO school than MD?
Statistically, yes—DO programs tend to have slightly lower GPA and MCAT averages. However, DO schools still expect strong academics, experiences, and personal qualities.
13. What’s the difference between MD and DO programs?
MD (allopathic) and DO (osteopathic) doctors are both fully licensed. DOs receive additional training in Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine (OMM) and often emphasize holistic care.
14. When should I start applying to med school?
Submit your primary application (AMCAS/AACOMAS) on opening day in early June. Earlier submissions increase your chances due to rolling admissions.
15. How long does it take to get into med school?
From starting college to matriculating, the process typically takes 4–6 years, including application prep, MCAT, clinical experience, and interviews.
16. Do I need to take the CASPer test?
Many med schools now require CASPer, an online situational judgment test. Check each school’s requirements via the Altus Suite website.
17. Should I take a gap year before med school?
Nearly 60% of med students take at least one gap year. It’s a great time to gain more experience, boost GPA/MCAT, or apply more strategically.
18. Can I apply to both MD and DO schools?
Yes, and many applicants do. Use AMCAS for MD schools and AACOMAS for DO schools. Applying to both increases your odds significantly.
19. What counts as clinical experience for med school?
Any role involving direct patient interaction counts: scribing, CNA, EMT, hospice volunteering, medical assistant, etc.
20. Do I need to do international volunteering?
No. While global health trips can be enriching, most schools value long-term domestic service more. Avoid experiences that appear “voluntourism”-based.
21. Do med schools care about non-clinical volunteering?
Yes. Community service shows compassion and civic responsibility—key traits for any future physician. Aim for 100+ hours in meaningful roles.
22. Can I get into med school with a 3.3 GPA?
It’s possible—especially with a strong MCAT (515+), upward trend, and compelling extracurriculars. DO programs may also be more flexible.
23. What’s a good MCAT score with a 3.0 GPA?
To balance a 3.0 GPA, aim for an MCAT of 515 or higher. Consider retaking science courses or pursuing a post-bacc to strengthen your academic record.
24. How do I get strong letters of recommendation?
Build relationships early with professors, research mentors, and physicians. Ask 2–3 months in advance and provide your resume and personal statement.
25. What’s the best way to stand out on my application?
Show authenticity, impact, and reflection. Don’t just list activities—explain how they shaped your path to medicine. Your personal statement and secondaries are key to showing depth.
By understanding the answers to these top med school questions, you’ll be far more equipped to navigate the complex path of how to get into med school. Use this as a checklist, a reference, and a confidence boost as you plan your next steps.
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